Back-pedaling brake.



Patented Apr. 23, I9DI.

No. 672,s|o.

C. 0. BAR-NES. BACK PEDALING BRAKE.

(Application -led Nov. 1, 1900.) w

(Nu Model.)

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UNrrnn STATES ATENT Fries.

CHARLES O'. BARNES, OF BUFFALO, NEW YORK, ASSIGNOR OF TWO-THIRDS TO JESSE B. EOOLESTON AND HARRISON M. ANGLE, OF SAME PLACE.

BACK-PEDALING BRAKE.

SPEGIFICATIONV forming part of Letters Patent N o. 672,610, dated April 23, 1901. Application filed November l, 1900. Serial No. 35,111. No model.)

To all whom, it may concern: the front end thereof. The nut of this bolt j Be it known that I, CHARLES O. BARNES, a is arranged on the inner side of the arm E,

citizen of the United States, residing at Bufand the front end of the latter isI bent infalo, in the county of Erie and State of New wardly to "form a lip or stop c2, 4which pre- 55 j 5 York, have invented new and useful Improvevents the clip from becoming disengaged from ments in Back-Pedaling Brakes, of which the the arm in case the nut of the bolt should befollowing is a specification. come loose. The slot e permits of the usual This invention relates more particularly to adjustment of the rear Wheel of the fork. back-pedaling coaster-brakes. If desired, a pin e3, brazed in an opening of 6o V1c One of the objects of my invention is to prothe fork side, may be substituted for the clip vide asimple and powerful brake of this kind E and bolt e, as shown in Fig. 5. which is prompt in action and which exerts fis the companion cone of the left-hand no end thrust upon the bearings. bearing-cup c', which cone is formed on or se- Another object is to so construct the brake cured to a rotary sleeve F. This sleeve sur- 65 i5 that it permits the machine to be backed or rounds the axle, and its outer portion is enthe rear wheel to be turned from the cranks larged and extends beyond the end of the hub or otherwise like the rear wheel of an ordiand is provided in its outerend with an auxnary bicycle unequipped with a backpedal iliary ball-cupj", containingaset of balls f2. ing brake. j"5 is the companion cone of this auxiliary 7o 2o In the accompanying drawings, Figure lis bearing-cup, which is mounted on the axle A. a longitudinal central section cf a wheel-hub G is the sprocket or driving wheel,which is providedwith my improved brake, showing tightly secured to the projecting outer end the parts in position for propelling the maof the rotary sleeve F., so that the latter is chine. Fig. 2 is a similar View thereof, showcompelled to turn with said wheelin both di- 75 25 ing the various cam members in elevation. rections.

Fig. 3 is a cross-section in line 3 3, Fig. l. H is a rotary cam-ring arranged within the Fig. 4 is a vertical section in line 4 4, Fig. l. wheel-hub and surrounding the rotary sleeve Fig. 5 is a fragmentary horizontal section of F and provided at its inner and outer edges the brake arm or bracket and the adjacent with spiral or oblique cam-faces 7L h', which 8o j o frame member, showinga slight modification. rise in opposite directions. This camming is Like letters of reference refer to like parts caused to turn with the sleeve F, preferably in the several figures. by radial lugs hwhich project inwardly from A is the rear axle, which is clamped in the the bore of the ring into longitudinal slots or fork ends B of the bicycle or other velocipede recesses h3, formed in opposite sides of said 85 35 by the usual nuts b. sleeve, as shown in Fig. 3. These slots ex- O is the wheel-hub, which is journaled on tend to the innerend of the sleeve F, as shown the axle by ball-bearings of any suitable in Fig. l, and the cam-ring is retained upon construction. In the preferred construction the sleeve by a cylindrical screw-nut h4, apshown in the drawings the hub is provided at plied to the screw-threaded inner end of the 9o 4o its ends with outwardly-facing ball-cups c c. sleeve.

d is an annularly grooved collar, which I is a loose clutch-ring interposedbetween forms the left-hand bearingcone and which the cam-ring H and the right-hand bearingis formed on or secured to the inner end of a cup c' or an equivalent internal liange or horizontal arm or bracket E. This arm is clutch-faceof the hub. Thisclutch-ringpref- 95 45 provided at its outer end with aclip E', which erably extends into an annular socket t', embraces the adjacent mem berof the bicycleformed in the inner side of the cup or flange frame, as shown in Fig. l. In the construcc', andthe outer face ot' this ring and the tion shown in Fig. l of the drawings this clip socket z' are tapered toward the adjacent end is provided with an inwardly-extendingscrewof the hub, as shown in Fig; l. The clutchroo 5o bolt e, which passes through a longitudinal ring I is provided at its inner edge with a slot e', formed in the arm E and extending to cam face or faces t", which correspond to the screw-nut h4.

contiguousl cam-faces h of the cam-ring H, and these cam-faces trend in the proper direction to cause the clutch-ring to be wedged into the tapering socket i when the cam-ring is turned forwardly with 'the sleeve F in propelling the machine, thereby compelling the hub to turn forward with vthe driving-wheel G. In applying the driving-clutch the camringH is held against lateral or inward movement by its lugs h2, which abut against the It will be observed that the ring I forms the movable member of the driving-clutch and the back of the cup c' the relatively stationary member of said clutch.

J is a friction surface or sleeve of vulcanized iiber or other suitable material, which is secured within the Wheel-hub, so as to turn therewith and which is preferably provided with a conical bore. This friction -sleeve abuts at its inner end against the left-hand ball-cup c or an equivalent internal stop of the wheel-hub.

K is a brake or shoe member, preferably of conical form, which is capable of sliding lengthwise into and out of contact with the inner surface of the friction-sleeve J, but is held against forward rotation on its support, so as to retard or arrest the forward rotation of the wheel-hub when the brake is applied.

Z is an auxiliary cam-ring which loosely surrounds the screw-nut h4 and which is interposed between the main cam-ring H and the head or large end of the brake-cone. This auxiliary cam-ring bears at its inner end against the brake-cone, and said end is preferably conical and fits into a corresponding socket formed in the large end ofthe brake-' cone. This cam-ring is provided at its outer edge with spiral or oblique cam-faces Z', which bear against the adjacent cam-faces h ofthe main cam-ring H. l These contiguous camfaces rise in thexopposite direction to the clutch applying cams i', so that when the main cam -ring H Vis turned rearwardly by back-pedaling said cam-faces cause the auxiliary cam-ring Zto be shifted laterally toward the conical friction-sleeve J, thereby forcing the brake-cone into said sleeve. As the auxiliary cam-ring is loose, it is necessary to provide some means for preventing the same from turningbackward with'the main camring H in applying the brake; otherwise said ring will not be shifted laterally. In the construction shown in the drawings this is accomplished by a spring m, which surrounds the screw-nut h4 and bears at its ends against the auxiliary cam-ring and the main cam-ring, respectively, as shown in Fig. l. This spring tends to press the auxiliary cam-ring against the brake-cone, which latter resists backward rotation ef the auxiliary cam-ring, thereby causing this ring "'to be shifted laterally by the main cam-ring upon back-pedaling.

In order to hold the auxiliary cam-ring out ofv contact with the brake-cone and pre'vent friction between these parts in propelling the machine, the shoulders h5 and vZ2 at the rear ends of the contiguous cam-faces of the main and auxiliary cam-rings are undercut or arranged obliquely to the axis of these rings, as shown in Fig. 2. By this cpnstruction these oblique shoulders by their cam action withdraw the auxiliary cam-ring clear of the brake-cone when the main cam-ring is turned forwardly in driving the machine, and upon back-pedaling to apply the brake the shoulders h5 of the main cam-ring recede rearwardly fromA those of the auxiliary ring and allow the spring m to pressV the latter into contact with the brake-cone for frictionally holding the auxiliary ring against backward movement with the main ring.

To Vwithdraw the clutch-ring I out of contact with its socket@ in rback-pedaling, the shoulders i2 of this ring and the correspondingshoulders h6 of the main cam-ring H are made oblique, similar to the corresponding shoulders of the main and auxiliary camrings, as shown. y

n represents antifriction-balls arranged in an annular row around the rotary sleeve F and interposed between the outer side of the main cam-ring H and the adjacent inner side of theinner right-hand bearing-cu p c. These balls abut against the cup c and in turnform the abutment for the main cam-ring H when the brake is applied, thereby relieving the clutch-ring I from the thrust of said main cam-ring and preventing the sprocket-wheel from being clutched to the wheel-hub and rotating the cranks through the drivingchain, which would be liable to occur in the absence of said balls.

If desired, the brake-cone may be rigidly secured to a non-rotary support in any suitable or customary manner; but the same is preferably connected with its support by a clutch or connection, which prevents-the brake-cone from turning forwardly, but allows the same to turn backwardly with the wheel-hub to permit the machine to be backed. For this purpose I prefer to employ the clutch shown in the drawings, which consists of two 4cams orclutch-collars o oI and a sleeve p, upon which said collars are mounted and which loosely surrounds the axle A. These clutch-collars and the sleeve p are arranged within'the hollow brake-cone K,and the sleeve is provided at its inner end with a projecting annular iiange p', which is seated in a corresponding socket formed in the large end of the brake-cone and which bears against the shoulder p2, formed by the bottom of said socket. The outer clutch-collar o is connectedwith the outer portion of the sleeve p. by a right-hand screw-thread o2 and is provided at its outer end with a head 03, adapted to abut against the adjacent end of the sleeve and having an opening for the passage of the axle. The innerclutch-collar o' is provided with a tapering or conical front end 04, which bears against a conical face or seat formed in the bore of the brake-cone adjacent to its shoulder 1J?.4 The contiguous inner ends of IOO IIO

the two clutch-collars are formed with oblique or cam faces o6, which are provided at their rear ends with abrupt faces or shouldels 07. The inner clutch-collar is free to turn to a limited extent; but the outer clutchcollar is held against turning in both directions by a tenon q, arranged at the outer end of said ring and engaging in a recess q', formed in the stationary bearing-cone d. This connection, while holding the outer clutch-collar against turning, permits this collar, the inner clutch-collar, the sleeve p, and the brakecone to slide lengthwise in the hub.

The brake-cone is provided at its large end with an axial washer or head r, which closes the adjacent end of its bore and abuts against a shoulder or stop-collar lr', secured to the axle, so as to limit the withdrawing movement of the brake-cone.

s is a spring interposed between the bearing-cone CZ and the head of the outer clutchring o and tending to press the conical end of the inner clutch-ring 0 against the internal conical face of the brake-cone and the washer r-of the brake-cone against the stopcollar r. In order to cause the inner clutchring to bear firmly against the internal conical face of the brake-cone for resisting the rotation of the latter, the necessary' clearance is left between the iianged end of the sleeve p and the washer r, as shown in Figs. l and 2.

In the normal retracted position of the brake-cone the same is not tightly connected with its support; but its rot-ary movement is frictionally resisted by the pressure of its washer r against the stop-collar r and the pressure of theinner clutch-collar o against the internal conical face of the bra-ke-cone, which pressure is exerted by the compressed spring s. This pressure is sufficient to cause the brake-cone to prevent backward rotation of the auxiliary cam-ring Z when the main cam -ring H is reversed in `back -pedaling. When the brake-cone is wedged into the friction-sleeve J in applying the brake, the brakecone is first turned forwardly with said sleeve and the wheel-hub. As the inner clutch-collar 0' is held in frictional contact with the brake-cone by the spring .5,said collar is caused to turn forwardly with the brake-cone, thereby causing its cam-faces t-o ride upon the camfaces of the non-rotary clutch-collar 0 and tightly forcing the conical end of the inner clutch-collar against the internal conical face of the brake-cone and the internal shoulder 102 of the brake-cone against the flange p' of the sleeve. It will be observed that the flange of this sleeve limits the lateral movement of the brake-cone toward the right and that the outer clutch-collar 0, which is screwed upon said sleeve, forms a relatively-fixed abutment for the inner clutch-collar, so that when the latter collar is turned forwardly, as above described, it necessarily clam ps the shoulderl of the brake-cone laterally against the Iiange of said sleeve, and owing to the conical form of theinner clutch-collar and the corresponding internal face of the brake-cone the latter is clamped to its support both in a radial and a lateral direction. The forward rotation of the brake-cone, which takes place when the same is first shifted into contact with the friction-sleeve J of the wheel-hub, is but slight and momentary and does not interfere with the prompt action of the brake.

In order to permit the main cam-ring I-I to move laterally for accommodating itself to the wear of the thrust-bearing n, the slots h3 in the sleeve F, which receive the lugs h2 of said ring, are made of sufcient length to permit the necessary lateral play of said ring, as shown in Fig. l. By this construction said lugs remain at all times out of contact with the ends of said slots and do not therefore cause the sleeve F to crowd the balls of the extreme right-hand ball-bearing against the conef.

The operation of my improved brake,briefly stated, is as follows: In propelling the machine the wheel-hub is caused to turn forwardly with the sprocket or driving wheel by the clutch-ring I, which latter is forced outwardly into the clutch-socket of the bearingcup c' by the forward rotation of the main cam-ring H. In thus driving the machine the wheel-hub turns upon the left-hand ball-bearing and the outer or extreme right-hand bearing. In coasting the cranks are slightly turned backward and then held stationary in the customary manner. By this slight backward movement the outer cam-faces of the main cam-ring H recede from the clutch-ring and the latter turns forward with the hub until the abrupt shoulders of its cam-faces strike the corresponding shoulders of the main cam-ring, when the clutch-ring is released from the hub and held stationary and the hub continues its forward rotation independently of the clutch-ring. In coasting the Wheel-hub turns upon its left-hand ball-bearing and the inner right-hand bearing. Upon back-pedaling to apply the brake the main cam-ring H is turned backward with the sprocket-wheel. The inner cam-faces of said ring acting against the cam-faces of the auxiliary cam-ring l shift the latter toward the brake end of the hub and cause the same to force the brake-cone into the conical frictionsleeve J, thereby retarding or arresting the movement of the wheel-hub. During this action the auxiliary cam-ring is prevented from turning backward with the main camring [-I by its frictional contact with the brakecone, as hereinbefore described. Upon again pedaling forward to release the brake the main cam-ring is also turned forwardly and its inner cam-faces ride down those of the auxiliary cam-ring and allow the brake-cone to become disengaged from the friction-sleeve J. Upon backing the machine, for instance, out ofa rack or raising the rear wheel and turning the cranks backward for bringing the latter into a favorable position preparatory to mounting the machine the backing-clutch o IOO IIO

o p allows the brake-shoe K to turn backward with the wheel-hub. If the sprocket-wheel G should be clutched to the wheel-hub and the brake-shoe should be off or released from the hub at the time of backing the machine out of a rack the sprocket-wheel will turn backward. with the hub, thereby wedging the brake-shoe into the friction-sleeve J by the action of the main cam-ring H. The brakeshoe now turns backward with the hub,and the inner clutch-collar o', owing to its frictional contact with the brake-shoe, turns backward with the latter, causing the cams of this collar to ride down the cams of the outer clutchcollar 0 until the abrupt shoulders 07 of the inner clutch-collar strike those of the outer collar, as shown in Fig. 2, and arrest the inner collar. By this action the brake-shoe is released froni said inner collar and permitted to continue its backward movement without restraint. If the brake has been applied just after putting the machine in a rack and the machine is then backed out of the rack, the brake-shoe turns rearwardly with the hub and is released from vthe inner clutch-collar 0 in the manner above described'. Thisfrictional backing-clutch, while effective and reliable, is practically noiseless in action.

The parts or abutmentsJ and of the wheelhub, against which the laterally movable brake-cone and the clutch-ring I bear, exert no pressure against thev left-hand ball-bearing and the extreme right-hand bearing of the hub, which are the driving-bearings, and these bearings are therefore wholly relieved from end thrust both in driving the machine and in applying the brake. As the auxiliary cam-ring Z is withdrawn from the brake-cone in driving the machine and the clutch-ring Iy is withdrawn from the clutch-face of the wheel-hub in coasting by the action of the oblique shoulders h5, h6, Q12, and Z2, there is no resistance to the forward rotation of the wheel-hub under either of these conditions.

I do notwish to claim, broadly, in this application the feature lof the backing-clutch interposed between the brake-shoe and its stationary support, as the same is claimed in another application filed by me on the 9th day of July, 1900, Serial No. 23,000.

I claim as my inventionl. In a back-pedaling brake, the combination with a wheel-hub havinga brake-surface,

and an internal clutch-flange, of a sleeve ar-v ranged in the end portion of the hub and rotatable independently thereof, a drivingring, a brake-shoe, and means for operatingy the brake-shoe from said cam-ring, substantially as set forth.

2. In a back-pedaling brake, the combination with a wheel-hub having an internal brake-surface, and an internal clutch-flange, of a sleeve arranged in the end portion of the hub and rotatable independently thereof, a driving-Wheel carried by said sleeve, a main cam-ring mounted on said sleeve to turn therewith and provided with oppositely-acting clutch and brake cams, means interposed between said cam-ring and said clutch-fiange which transmits the lateral thrust of the camring to said flange, a laterallymovable clutchring interposed between said main cam-ring and said clutch-{iange and having cams which coperate with the clutch-cams of said main ring, a laterallymovable brake-shoe arranged in the hub, and an auxiliary laterally-movable cam-ringinterposed between said main camring and the brake-shoe and provided with cams which cooperate with the brake-cams of said main ring, substantially as set forth.

3. In a back-pedaling brake, the combination with a wheel-hub having a brake-surface, and a laterally-movable brake-shoe, of a driving-wheel, a driving-clutch which connects said wheelwith the hub, a main rotary camring connected with said driving-wheel to rotate therewith, an auxiliary laterally-movable cam-ring interposed between said brake-shoe and said main cam-ring, and frictional holding means for preventing said auxiliary camring from turning backwardly with said main cam-ring, substantially as set forth.

4. In a back-pedaling brake, the combination with a wheel-hub having a brake-surface, and a laterally-movable brake-shoe, of a driving-wheel, a driving-clutch which connects said wheel with the hub, a main rotary camring connected with said driving-wheel to rotate therewith, an auxiliary laterally-movable cam-ring interposed between said brake-shoe and said'mainfcam-ring, and a spring interposed between said main and auxiliary camrings, and tending to 'press the auxiliary ring against the brake-shoe, substantially as set forth.'

5. In a back-ped aling brake, the combination with a wheel-hub having a brake-surface and a clutch-face, of a brake-shoe, a drivingwheel rotatable independently of the wheelhub, means for operating the brake-shoe from the driving-wheel, a cam-ring connected with the driving-wheel to turn therewith and having a lateral clutch-cam provided at its high rear end with an oblique or undercut 'shoulder, and a clutch-ring interposed between the clutch-face of the wheel-hub and said camring and .provided with a lateral cam which cooperates with the clutch-cam of said ring, and at the high rear end of its cam with an oblique or undercut shoulder which coperates with the shoulder of said cam-ring, substantially as set forth.

6. In a back-pedaling brake, the combination with a wheel-hub having a brake-surface,

IOO

IIO

and a laterally-movable brake-shoe, of a driving-wheel, a driving-clutch which connects said wheel With the hub, a main rotary camring connected with said driving-wheel to rn- 5 tate therewith, and having a lateral brakecam provided at its high rear end with an Oblique or undercut shoulder, and an anxil iary cam-ring interposed between said main cam-ring and said brake-shoe andhaving a Io lateral cam which bears against the cam of said main cam-ring and which is provided at its high end with an oblique or undercut shoulder coperating with the shoulder of said main cam-ring, substantially as set forth.

7. In a back-pedaling brake, the combination with a wheel-hub having a brake-surface, and a laterally-movable brake-shoe, of a sup` port for the brake-shoe having a stop or flange against which the brake-shoe abuts, a non-rozotary clutch-collar held against lateral moveinenton said support and provided with a cam, and a rotary clutch collar bearing against the brake-shoe and provided with a cam which bears against the cam of said non- 2 5 rotary clutch-collar and which is arranged to force the brake-shoe against the stop of said support when the rotary clutch collar is turned forwardly, substantially as set forth. 8. In a back-pedaling brake, thecombina- 3o tion with an axle having a stop or shoulder, a wheel-hub havinga brake-surface, and a loose driving-Wheel, and a driving-clutch connecting the hub with said wheel,of a laterally-movable sleeve arranged on the axle and having a 3 5 flange or stop, a laterally-movable brake-shoe adapted to abut atitsinner or rear end against the shoulder of the axle and having a stop or shoulder which bears against the flange of said sleeve, means for operating the brakeshoe from the driving-wheel, a non-rotary clutch-collar mounted on said sleeve and held against lateral movement thereon and provided With a lateral cam, a rotary clutch-collar bearing against the brake-shoe and provided with a cam which cooperates with the cam of said non-rotary clutch-collar, and a spring which tends to force said rotary clutch-collar against the brake-sleeve and the latter against said axle-shoulder, substantially as set forth.

5o 9. In a back-pedaling brake, the combination with an axleuhaving a stop or shoulder, a wheel-hub having a brake-surface, and a loose driving-wheel,and a drivin g-clutch connecting the hub with said wheel,of a laterally-movable sleeve arranged on the axle and having a flange or stop, a laterally-movable brake-shoe adapted to abut at its inner or rear end against the shoulder of the axle and having an internal conical face and a stop or shoulder which 6o bears against the flange of said collar, means for operating the brake-shoe from the drivingwheel, a non-rotary clutch-collar mounted on said sleeve and held against lateral movement thereon and provided with a lateral cam, and

a rotary clutch-collar having a conical face which bears against the corresponding face of the brake-shoe and a cam which bears against the cam of the non-rotary clutch-collar, substantially as set forth.

10. In a back-pedaling brake, the combina- 7o tion with a. wh eel-hub havingabrake-surface, and a loose driving-wheel, and a drivingclutch connecting the hub with said Wheel, of a laterally-movable brake-shoe, means for operating said shoe from the driving-wheel, a supporting-sleeve arranged in the brake-shoe and provided with a stop or flange against which The brake-shoe ahnts, a non-rotary clutch-collar engaging with said sleeve by a screw-thread and provided with a lateral cam, 8o and a rotary clutch-collar bearing against the brake-shoe and having a cam which bears against the cam of the non-rotary clutch-collar, substantially as set forth.

ll. The combination with an axle having a stop or shoulder, a Wheel-hub having a brake-surface, and a loose driving-wheel, and a driving-clutch connecting the hub with said wh eel, of a laterally-movable sleeve arranged on the axle and having a ange or stop, a hol- 9o low brake-shoe provided at its rear or inner end with a head which bears against said axleshoulder and with an internal shoulder which bears against the flange of said sleeve, said sleeve-flange being arranged to clear the head of the shoe, means for operating the brakeshoe from said driving-wheel, a non-rotary clutch-collar held against lateral movement on said sleeve and having a lateral cam, a rotary cl nich-collar bearing against the brakeshoe and having a cam which bears against the cam of said non-rotary clutch-collar, and a spring which tends to force said rotary clutch-collar against the brake-shoe and the head of the shoe against said axle-shoulder, substantially as set forth.

l2. In a back-pedaling brake, the combination with a Wheel-hub having a brake-surface and a clutch face or ange, of a brake-shoe, a rotary sleeve arranged in the hub and carrying a driving-Wheel, a laterally-movable clutch ring arranged to bear against the clutch-flange of the hub, a rotary cam-ring connected with said rotary sleeve, held against lateral movement thereon and arranged between said clutch-ring and the brake-shoe, rolling antifriction members interposed between said cam-ring and the clutch-'flange of the hub, and means for operating the brakeshoe from said cam-ring, substantially as set forth.

13. In a back-pedaling brake, the combination with a Wheel-hub having a brake-surface and a brake-shoe coperating therewith, of a fixed arm or bracket connected with the brakeshoe and provided with a longitudinal slot which extends to the front end of the arm, and at its front end with an inwardly-projecting stop-lip, substantially as set forth.

A14:. In a back-pedalin g brake, the combina- TIO tion with a velocpede-fork, a wheel-hub havinwardly-extending bolt which passes through ing a. brake-surface and a brake-shoe coperthe slot of said arm, substantially as set forth. xo ating therewith, of an arm or bracket con- I Witness my hand'tbis17th day of October, neeted with the brake-shoe and provided with i 1900. v Y

a longitudinal slot which extends to the front l CHARLES O. BARNES.

end of the arm, and having its front end bent Witnesses:

inwardly to form a stop-lip, and a clip se- CARL F. GEYER,

cured to the velocipede-fork and having an CLAUDIA M. BENTLEY. 

